Improved apparatus foe dyeing, bleaching, washing, and deting yaens and theead



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OSGOOD & MUNROE.

Dyeing and Bleaching Vat.

Patented April 9, 1867.

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Dyeing and Bleaching Vat.

No. 63,744. Patented Aprflf 1867.

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ISAAO OSGOOD, OF UTIOA,'NEW- YORK, AND ALEXANDER MUNROE, OF

GERMAN FLATS, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 63,744, dated April 9, 1867.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DYEING. BLEAGHING, WASHING, AND DRYING YARNS AND THREAD.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, ISAAC OSGOOD, of Utica, in the county of Oneida, and State of New York, and ALEX- ANDER MUNROE, of German Flats, in the county of Herkimer, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing and Bleaching Thread and Yarn; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same,

reference being bad to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, similar letters referring to like parts in all the drawings, whereof, in Plate 1- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for bleaching or dyeing.

Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a cross-bar or clamp with perforated eop-sheath attached.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a perforated metallic bobbin.

Figure 5 is a plan of such bobbin; and in Plate 2,

Figure 1 is. a longitudinal vertical section of an apparatus for bleaching or dyeing.

The nature of our invention consistsin forcing dyeing, bleaching, or cleansing liquids through any suitable fibrous material which has been spun or wound in the form of thread or yarn upon perforated bobbins or coptubes. The term yarn, hereafter used in this specification, is intended to include threads or'twists of cotton, wool, flax, silk, or other fibrous substances capable of being wound or spun for use.

The-construction of our invention is as follows: A stand, consisting of top sills A A and legs B B supports two tanks, the upper tank C and the lower tank D. These tanks are rectangular in form, open at the top, and so placed upon the stand that the top of the lower tank D is on a level with the bottom of the upper tank 0, and the front end of the upper tank is nearly in the same vertical line withthe rear end of the lower tank. The lower tank is merely a reservoir, in which are placed the liquids used in dyeing or bleaching, from which, also, such liquids are pumped, and'into which they return after being used. The dimensions of the tank D, as well as of the upper tank 0, will vary with the amount of material to be operated upon, and need not be prescribed; and the shape of either or both tanks will also vary with the location of the apparatus in a manufactory, no particular dimensions or shape being essential tothe success of the method of bleaching and dyeing herein described. The upper tank 0 is divided into two parts by the diaphragm t attached to the sides of the tank, par'allelnvith the bottom thereof, and at the distance of a few inches above it, which diaphragm forms a tight compartment, p, in the lower part of the tank C. Aprertures in the diaphragm tare surmounted by vertical pipes or nozzles r, s1ightly conical in shape ,to allow a cylinder like a cop-tube or the'stem of a bobbin, to grasp the nozzle firmly on being pressed down over it, and to form a watcr-tight joint with the surface of such nozzle. We have preferred to set said nozzles in rows for the sake of convenience in clamping the bobbins or cop-tubes firmly upon them, but they may occupy anyposition upon the surface of the diaphragmt. A force- .pump, F, is fastened tov the stand which supports the tanks, and is attached to the valve chcstf. A feed pipe,

b, which opens into the lower tank D at (Z, conveys liquid to the valve chest f, and an eduction pipe, c, conductsthe liquid from tho'punip and valve chest into the compartmentp in the lower part of thetank C. A cock, d, communicating with the compartmentp, when opened, allows all liquids forcedintop to escape into the lower tank D. If, however, the cook 02 be closed when the force-pump F is operated, the dyeing or bleaching liquids will he forced to rise through the nozzles 1' and escape through the perforated bobbins or cop-tubes, which are to be set snugly upon such nozzles, into the open spaces in the tank 0. Such liquid, so forced into the tank C, may he allowed to escape at once through the cock d, which enters the tank O at b, or may be allowed to collect in C until it nearly fills it, and escapes through the curved drip pipe u, in either case running back into the lower tank D. To prevent the perforated bobbins from being forced from their seats on the nozzles r by the pressure of the liquid, across-bar or clamp, E, is attached to the tank 0 by the hinge 9, and is held in position by the hnsp it. The upper onds of the bobbins, when set upon the nozzles 1', fit into slots in the under side of the clamp E, and when the clamp is fastened in place by the husp it are held in place upon the nozzles. Dy unloosiug the hasp It and raising the clamp E the bobbins can be readily removed from the apparatus. For dyeing orbleaching cops of yarn a modification of the clamp before described is substituted for r can;

E upon the tank C, or both forms of clamp may be used in the same apparatus. The clamp E, fig. 3, is to be attached to the tank C by means of a hinge and hasp, as before described, and a funnel-shaped cup,- i, of perforated sheet metal is fastened to the under side of E. Thisperforated cup 2' is designed to receive the upper, portion of a cop of yarn, when placed in the tank G, and prevent such cop from separating when under the pressure of the liquid forced through it. Nedenominate the perforated cup 1' a cop-sheath, and propose to attach any desired number of such cop-sheaths to the clamp E. We do not, however, confine ourselves to the described form of clamp E, as the only object of such clamp is to hold the bobbins or cops, or both, firmly inplace when subjected to the operation of dyeing or bleaching, which object maybe effected in various ways.

As one object of our invention is to obviate the necessity of reeling the yarn to be operated upon fromthe bobbins or cop-tubes, on which it has been spun into skeins before dyeing orbleaching the same, an.esscntial part of the apparatus used by us is the perforated bobbin or perforated cop-tube upon which we propose to spin. the yarn, dye it, or bleach it, and there allow it to remain until it shall be wound off into beams for warp, or used as filling in the shuttles of looms, or otherwise used for various manufacturing purposes.

The cop-tube which we employ is precisely similar to the metallic cop-tubes in common use, except that its surface is perforated with numerous small openings, 0 o. I, Figure 6, shows a section .of such acop-tube, whichconsists of a small cylinder of tin or other thin sheet metal, made by bendinga rectangular strip of such metal into a cylindrical form, aiyound a mandrel, and leaving the adjacent edges J of the metal free, so that the'tube may be yielding and clasp the spindle on the mule-frame tightly during the operation of spinning. The perorated metallic bobbin which we employ consists of a cylinder of sheet brass or other sheet metal which will not corrode injuriously during the operations of dyeing or bleaching. This cylinder n, figs. 4 and 5, is slightly tapering from the base m toward the tip, and is firmly attached to the solid circular base m, which base has a groove cut on its periphery. The stem of this bobbin is perforated by numerous small openings, 0, which for convenience we have made in the circular form,-but which may be of any form which will not weaken the,

bobbin inju-riously.. In attaching the stem to the base of the bobbin we insert the stem into the opening in the base, and allow the stem to enter the same so far that it may be burnished down or headed down, and thereby securely fastened in place. But we confine ourselves to no particular methodof attaching the stem 'to the base. In use, the aperture in the upper end of the stem of the bobbin will be closed by a plug, either removable or permanent.

Havingnow described the construction of our apparatus, we will briefly describe the operation thereof.

The yarn having been spun or wound upon the perforatedbobbins or cop-tubes in the usual processes of manufacture, the'bobbins or cop-tubes filled with yarn are placed one by one upon the nozzles 1: in the tank 0, and if bobbins, are firmly securedin place by the clamp E, or if 'cops of yarn, by the clampE and copsheaths 2'. When a suificient number have been properly set in the tank G the pump F is operated, and the dyeing or bleaching liquid, which has been placed in the tank D, will be moved through the pipe 0 into the compartment 10, and thence (the cock d being closed) through the nozzles r and bobbins or cop-tubes into the fibrous twists or threads upon such bobbins or cop-tubes, and will permeate the yarn, however tightly the same may be spun or wound upon the bobbins or tubes, and oozing out will drip from the surface of the yarn into the tank C. With some solutions it may be necessary to keep the cock d closed and allow the liquid to fill the tank C up to the drip pipe it, while in the use of other liquids the cock d-may remain open. As practical dye'rs using the common method of dyeing skeined yarn in vats first subject the yarn to the action of one liquid or solution and then to the action of others in order to produce a certain color, we are enabled to force one solution through the yarn upon the perforated bobbins and afterwards to force other solutions vthrough the same yarn without removing it from the tank C. Water, hot or cold, may also beforced through the yarn, so placed in the tank G for washing or cleansing the same. If several solutions are to be applied to the same lot of 'yarn the feed pipe (2 may be flexible and inserted in turn into diflerent tanks or tubs containing the various solutions to be used. which said solutions may be conducted back to the tanks from which they were severally drawn by troughs or flexible pipes leading from the stop-cocks d and d,-and drip pipe u. Hot air may be. applied for drying the yarn which has been wetted .by the dyeing or bleaching liquids, and may by a power fan be driven into the compartment 10 and through the wet yarn. We further contemplate the introduction of steam under considerable pressure into the compartment 12 and allow the same to escape through the perforated bobbins or cop-tubes into the yarn at any stage in the process of bleaching or dyeing. The pump to be used may be a handpump or a pump actuated by power, the pressure necessary to be imparted to the dyeing or bleaching liquids varying with the material to be operated upon and the operations to be performed upon it.

Among the advantages of our invention we may specify the following: That by the employment, of our described apparatusa considerable space is saved in manufactories of fibrous materials, which space is in the ordinary methods of dyeing and bleaching occupied by machinery for reeling; skeining, and spooling, all of which is rendered unnecessary by the use of our apparatus. This space, so occupied by skeining, reeling, and spooling machinery, may be estimated in manufactorics of ginghams and like cotton goods at at least one-fourth or one-fifth of the whole available space in such manufactory, all of which we claim is rendered unnecessary by the use of our invention. Our apparatus also reduces the room necessary for-dyeing and bleaching purposes, being more compact, and, further, clfects a great saving in.the original cost of the machinery in a manufactory wherein it is applicable.

We are aware that bleaching and washing liquids have been forced through strainers upon cloth, as in Let-v ters Patent No. 13,650, granted unto J. O. Jillson and Henry Whinfield, dated October 9, 1855, and that dyeing l quids have been forced through hollow perforated cylinders upon cloth which was made to pass over'the sur face of said cylinder, as in Letters Patent No. 10,664, granted unto C. T. Appleton, dated March 21,1854, and th-at perforated pipes were employed 'by Samuel Barlow, as described in Letters Patent No. 35,357; granted unto said Barlow July 23, 1853, but the use and application of such-pipes by said Barlow diifered in every respect from the use made by us, as described; and also that a vacuum has been employed, in combinationwith hollow skewers, whereon yarn was wound in the dyeing of yarn in the cop, bobbin, and the like, without first reeling it into banks or skeins, as described in; Letters Patent No. 17,708, granted unto'JaInes Thomson.

and William P. Wakelee, dated June 30, 1857, from which last-described method our apparatus differs in that the yarn is spun directly upon a bobbin or cop-tube, and remains upon such bobbin or cop-tube duringthe operations of dyeing or bleaching, and further diifers in that no vacuum is employed, but the yarnis or maybe at all times exposed to inspection and to the action of the air, which, in producing some colors, has an important eifect. And we disclaim any and every part of the aforesaid inventions as used and claimed in said Letters Patent.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is'- 1. The apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, or cleansing threads or twists of any fibrous material, consisting of the perforated metallic bobbins or'cop-tnbes, when used in combination with the tanks 0 and I), force-pump F, pipes b and e, and yertical pipes r, the whole arranged and operating substantially as described.

2. The use of a perforated cop-tube, in combination with a perforated cop-sheath, substantially as set forth.

3. The method of dyeing, bleaching, or cleansing threads or twists of any fibrous material, substantially as hereinbefore described.

4. As an article of manufacture, a perforated metallic bobbin, consisting oi stem n and base m, when constructed substantially as described.

ISAAC OSGOOD, ALEXANDER MUNlROE.

Witnesses:

W. H. THOMAS, E. Boone. 

